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BC 2 Billion

Deep beneath what will become Gabon, naturally-occurring uranium within a sandstone and granite “container” becomes - on a self-sustaining basis - the only naturally-occurring nuclear fission reactor in Earth’s history. The remnants of the reactor will be discovered in 1974.

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BC 2 Billion

1850

The Danish Gold Coast becomes the British Gold Coast as Denmark leaves Africa after nearly 200 years, selling its forts, settlements and more than 10,000km² of African land seized by force from various African peoples. Denmark spent much of its time on the continent enslaving Africans, who were the most important “product” of Danish trade in 1700s, surpassing gold and ivory. After slavery was abolished in 1803, Danish colonialists failed to earn the same profits from coffee, cotton and sugar, and today Denmark formally ends its period as an African coloniser, after enslaving and exporting 100,000 Africans. (pic: Denmark's fort in Accra, instrumental in the slave trade)

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1850

1912

The Treaty of Fez makes Morocco a French protectorate.  With the French army surrounding the Royal Palace in Fes, Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco signs the treaty under duress. (pic: 1910 cartoon shows Spain, Germany, France and Italy seeking to possess Morocco)

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1912

1922

The first flight between Portugal and Africa is accomplished. A sea plane departs Lisbon with two pilots, a navigator and a mechanic, and flies 966 kilometres to the island of Madiera off the African coast. The crew tests new instruments that allow air navigation without need for visual reference to the horizon. The flight will continue across the southern Atlantic to Brazil.

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1922

1928

Consumption of imported alcoholic beverages in Gold Coast (Ghana) has risen dramatically in the past four years as more people benefit from profitable agricultural exports and can afford spirits. Consumption has risen from 302,569 gallons in 1923 to 1,486,873 gallons in 1927, according to figures for the 1927 financial year ending tomorrow. British colonial authorities do not permit intoxicating liquor to be sold in the northern part of the country. The rise in consumption among the Ashanti and peoples of the south, with gin the favoured drink, has alarmed missionaries, prompted stories in the British press and has been debated in the British parliament.

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1928

1957

Maurice Yaméogo, future first president of Upper Volta (Burkina Faso), uses direct campaigning at village marketplaces and meeting halls to pull off a victory over other political parties. His party wins all six seats in the legislative elections. He will soon begin a purge of political rivals, gaining further control of parliament, and with his party in control he will ban other political parties. Historians describe his rise to power as ending with a dictatorship for Upper Volta even before national independence in 1960.

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1957

1968

Egypt’s President Gamal Nasser relaxes some of his authoritarian ways with which he has ruled the country since 1953, permitting more parliamentary independence from the executive and restoring some civil liberties.

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1968

1975

The bodies of Algerian painter Mohammed Racim and his wife are found murdered in their home. The murderers are never caught, but authorities determine that robbery was likely involved. Racim was a major Algerian cultural figure since his remarkable miniature paintings became popular in the 1930s.

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1975

1987

The University of Dakar in Senegal is renamed Universite Cheikh Anta Diop, in honour of the Senegalese scientist and historian. (pic: Diop's images on a campus building)

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1987

2006

Ghana’s Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the U.N., offers his plan to reform the U.N. Human Rights Commission. He argues the commission’s “declining credibility” has damaged the U.N.’s reputation.

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2006

2019

The first feature film of Ghana cinema director Blitz Bazawule, The Burial of Kojo, earns some of the best international reviews yet for a 2019 movie. "A dazzling modern fable" says the New York Times. "Stunning" says the Hollywood Reporter.

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2019

2020

As South Africa observes a 21-day nationwide lockdown to discourage the spread of Covid-19, public rail transport company Transnet converts company properties in three provinces into shelters and quarantine sites for the homeless, who must be taken off streets. Local communities provide food.

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2020

2021

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic is proving an economic as well as a health crisis. In Morocco this past year, poverty has increased by five times in rural areas (3.9% to 19.8%) and 14 times in urban areas (0.5% to 7.1%).

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2021

Births

1957
Marie-Christine Koundja

Chadian writer, in Iriba, French Equatorial Africa. No Chadian woman had ever been a published author before the release of her first novel, Al-Istifakh, ou, L'idylle de mes amis in 2001. This was followed in 2009 by the novel Kam-Ndjaha, la dévoreuse.

1970
Leleti Khumalo

South African singer and actress, in Durban, South Africa. After her breakout performance starring in the anti-apartheid musical Sarafina!, first on the New York stage in 1987 and then in the 1992 movie adaptation, she acted in such South African and Hollywood African-themed films as Hotel Rwanda, Yesterday and Invictus.

1985
Emmanuel Bett

Kenyan long distance runner, in Mombasa, Kenya. When he achieved his personal best in the 10,000 metres at 26:51.16, it was the fastest time in the world recorded during the 2012 season.