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1653

Enslaved Africans in the North American Dutch settlement New Amsterdam (New York City) are ordered to build a wall and road to protect the colonists from attacks by the Native Americans. The street is named Wall Street, and will become the world’s most powerful financial centre. Enslaved Americans remain when New York is established, and their labour is used to clear land, build stone houses, mills, bridges, a fort, the first city hall, docks for ships, the city prison, churches, the city hospital, the famous Fraunces Tavern and Trinity Church (pic) at the corner of Wall Street and Broadway.

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1653

1878

Enjoying a world tour in the year after his presidency ends, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant (arrow) becomes the first person to hold the office of the U.S. presidency to visit an African country, when his ship lands in Alexandria, Egypt today. He meets with Egypt’s ruler Khedive Isma’il Pasha, sails down the Nile to the Valley of the Kings, and takes a train ride along the length of the Suez Canal. Accompanied by ships of the U.S. Navy, the tour boosts the U.S.’ standing in the world community.

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1878

1907

The foundation is laid for St. George’s Hall on Lagos Island, to be used as the Freemasons Lodge for the British Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. Designed to showcase the permanency and stateliness of the British Empire, the front is adorned with Corinthian columns.

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1907

1919

The Mediterranean Sea is crossed for the first time by air as two pilots from the French Army’s Aéronautique Militaire make a round-trip crossing from France to French Algeria. They fly a Breguet 14 biplane for the trip of 1,609 km.

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1919

1938

The first woman superhero to star in her own comic book, Sheena: Queen of the Jungle, makes her publication debut in the U.S. Like another white orphan, Tarzan, she grew up in Africa’s rainforests, where she acquired the ability to speak with wild animals. Sheena is skilled with spears, knives and bow and arrow, which she uses to save white men who routinely fall into danger at the hands of blood-thirsty African warriors, “witch-doctors,” cannibals and other racist African caricatures. Whether black or white, no man is a match for feminist icon Sheena.

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1938

1957

U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower launches a new American foreign policy that permits North African countries to receive economic and military aid from the U.S. if these countries are threatened by armed aggression. The policy’s goal is to reduce the region’s dependency on Egypt, which is strengthening ties with the U.S.’ Cold War rival the Soviet Union. (This aim will become irrelevant when by 1959 the relationship between Egypt and  the Soviet Union deteriorates.) France is horrified when Tunisia makes a request and is given U.S. weapons, which might be used against its old colonial master, France. Sensitive to France’s concerns, the U.S. mollifies France by assisting with its war in Vietnam. Ultimately, the U.S. fiasco with its own War in Vietnam, which it will inherit from France and which will inflame unprecedented domestic dissent, can be traced to the U.S.' desire to counter Soviet influence in North Africa.

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1957

1962

Air Afrique begins its first jet service on its Paris-Dakar-Abidjan and Paris-Douala-Brazzaville routes, using Boeing 707 aircraft. Meanwhile, its global advertising campaign is drawing attention with dazzling posters featuring stylish graphics.

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1962

1976

Television comes to South Africa with the first broadcast by the state South African Broadcasting Corporation, from studios in Johannesburg.

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1976

1985

Operation Moses concludes with 8,000 Ethiopian Jews airlifted from refugee camps in Sudan to Israel. In the past two months, a team effort by the Israeli and Sudanese security forces and the U.S. has seen 40 flights carry 200 refugees per flight.

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1985

1990

Kenya exports its first shipments of cut flowers, earning US$29 million and creating what will become a major industry. In 2022, Kenya will export nearly US$1 billion in cut flowers, and be the main supplier to the European Union, employing 150,000 Kenyans and contributing 1% of Kenya’s GDP. Kenya’s most popular exported flower is the rose.

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1990

2019

Kenya's urban migration has led to just 9 of the country's 47 counties holding 30% of the country's population, reports the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. The population in Nairobi (pic) is 7,000 people per km², and Mombasa has 5,600 people per km² – and both are higher than any African city other than Cairo.

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2019

Births

1882
Edwin Barkley

President of Liberia (1930-1944) during one of the country’s most difficult times, in Monrovia, Liberia. He preserved the country in the 1930s when the Firestone Rubber Company helped an attempted coup d’état, and when France, Britain and the U.S. all sought to take over the country on the pretext of government reform, while their actual aim was colonisation.

1938
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

Kenyan intellectual and writer in print and theatre, in Kaminithu, British Kenya. His 1986 book Decolonizing the Mind, is a seminal work on the role of language in Africa’s development and identity. He was imprisoned by order of Kenya’s Vice President Daniel Arap Moi for one year following the production of his 1976 political play “I Will Marry When I Want,” which government shut down because of political content. While in prison he wrote the first novel in the Gĩkũyũ language, Devil on the Cross, using prison toilet paper.

1958
Amakye Dede

Ghanaian Highlife music singer, in Agogo, Ashanti Region, Gold Coast. One of the most popular and long-careered performers of Highlife, the musical style originating in Ghana in the late 19thcentury mixing traditional African rhythms and percussion work with Western musical instruments and melodies, he first achieved success as a vocalist in the early 1970s. He formed his band in 1980, was Highlife’s major hit-maker in the 1980s and 1990s, and continues to record hit songs into the 21st century.

1975
Jude Dibia

Award-winning Nigerian writer, in Lagos, Nigeria. His novels are deeply-focused examinations of characters coping and overcoming societal pressures, abuse and personal tragedies. His first novel Walking with Shadows in 2005 was the first Nigerian novel featuring a gay man as its lead character, and presents homosexuality insightfully rather than sensationally.