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1835

British forces from Cape Town arrive at Grahamstown during the 6th Frontier War of British conquest against South Africa’s Xhosa nation. Xhosa chief Maqoma is fighting to avenge the assassination of his brother, a senior chief, by British commandos. White settlers and their Khoikhoi allies who have fled him have taken refuge in Grahamstown. Major battles will now occur, and while some Xhosa chiefs surrender, Maqoma and another senior chief will take up guerilla warfare in the Amatola Mountains (pic).

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1835

1884

Portuguese explorers Hermenegildo Capelo and Robert Ivans begin an expedition across Southern Africa, by foot and boat. They will successfully establish a land route between Portuguese Angola on the Atlantic and Portuguese Mozambique on the Indian Ocean

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1884

1896

Cecil Rhodes is forced to resign as Prime Minister of South Africa’s Cape Colony by the British government after he initiated the failed Jameson Raid, an unauthorized attack on the South African Republic (Transvaal Republic). Convinced that Africans are subhuman and obstacles to his ambitions, Rhodes used his power as head of the South African colony to seize land from black Africans. He has made it impossible for blacks to vote or take part in elections by raising the wealth requirement for voting.

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1896

1900

During the Siege of Ladysmith during the Second Anglo-Boer War in South Africa, Boer forces attempt to finish off the besieged city with a surprise attack. The British manage to defend the town, losing 175 men to an unknown number of Boer casualties, until a heavy rainstorm ends the battle.

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1900

1936

Emperor of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) Haile Selassie is named the Man of the Year by Time magazine, for the year 1935. He is the first African to receive the recognition.

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1936

1965

The ultra-modern Kilimanjaro Hotel opens in Dar es Salaam, as Tanzania’s most luxurious hotel. Soon to earn the reputation as “THE” hotel for celebrities to stay in East Africa, the “kili” as it is known by Tanzanians will in the future host American singer Michael Jackson, South Africa's liberation hero Nelson Mandela, and many others.

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1965

1968

Construction is underway for the Hilton Nairobi Hotel. The cylindrical tower will be Kenya’s most famous landmark when it opens next year. In every major city throughout Africa, architects are erecting skyscrapers intended to impress with their stylish modernity.

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1968

1984

The U.N. Security Council approves (with the U.S. and U.K. abstaining) a resolution demanding that South Africa immediately and unconditionally withdraw from Angola, where the South African army has teamed with UNITA rebels to battle the communist government.

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1984

2018

Egypt's Mahmoud Tawfik, 28, who lost a leg in an accident as a boy, is named captain of the country's first amputee football club. The team’s 25 one-legged players practice in Cairo, and seek recognition as a professional football club.

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2018

2019

Zimbabwe is officially Africa's Number One tobacco producer after final 2018 figures show exports of US$892 million. Government helped production when the Central Bank boosted its farmer aid scheme, the Tobacco Input Finance Facility, from US$28 million in 2017 to US$70 million in 2018.

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2019

Births

1919
Dona Tututa

Legendary Cabo Verdean singer and composer, in Mindelo, Cabo Verde. Trained in classical piano, she broke conventions by being the first woman on the island São Vicente to perform at night (custom dictated that women stay at home after sunset) and blending classical and traditional West African musical styles.

1982
Amon Simutowe

Zambian chess champion, in Mbala, Zaire. A child chess prodigy – he won his first championship at age 12 – he became the first chess grandmaster from sub-Saharan Africa and the third black chess grandmaster in history.